| Lesson |
Word Count |
Terms |
Sights and Objects |
People |
| 1 - Introduction to the Course |
4888 |
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|
NEVER STARE AT THE SUN! |
astronomy on your computer and in the sky |
Dr Jamie Love (your teacher) |
| 2 - Getting Your Bearings |
3210 |
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latitude |
Polaris (North Star) |
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| |
|
sextant |
URSA MAJOR, the Big Bear |
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measurements |
The Big Dipper |
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longitude |
Alkaid |
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right ascension (RA) |
Mizar |
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circumpolar |
Alioth |
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Megrez |
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Phad |
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Merak |
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Dubhe |
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Alcor |
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Chaph |
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CASSIOPEIA |
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URSA MINOR, The Little Bear |
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| 3 - The Earth's Motion |
4749 |
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zenith |
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Ptolemy |
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nadir |
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Ancient Greeks |
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meridian |
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altitude |
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azimuth |
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Universal Time, UT |
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time zones |
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Greenwich, England |
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geocentric |
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|
Ptolemaic universe |
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Almagest |
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celestial sphere |
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celestial coordinates |
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| 4 - Optical Devices |
6443 |
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optical devices |
Galilean satellites |
Thomas Harriot |
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|
optics |
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Galileo Galilei |
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|
refractor (telescope) |
|
Simon Marius |
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|
refraction |
|
Gan De |
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|
incident ray |
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Isaac Newton |
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|
refracted ray |
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|
(Snell's law) |
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medium |
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|
c = 299,792,458 meters per second |
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refractive index |
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absolute index of refraction |
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focal point |
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convex |
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double convex |
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single convex |
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converging lenses |
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retina |
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hand lens, magnifying glass |
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virtual image |
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imaginary image |
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real image |
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objective (lens) |
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eyepiece (lens) |
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focal length |
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chromatic aberration |
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focal ratio |
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magnification |
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spy glass (terrestrial telescope) |
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total internal reflection |
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binoculars |
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prism |
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reflector (telescope) |
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Newtonian reflector |
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Cassegrain reflector |
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primary focus |
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catadrioptic |
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Schmidt-Cassegrain |
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|
spotting scope, monocular |
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| 5 - Star Names and Brightness |
4237 |
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Celestial Equator |
ORION, the Hunter |
Johnann Bayer |
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declination |
Betelgeuse |
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Celestial Hemisphere |
Bellatrix |
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circumpolar |
Saiph |
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equatorial |
Rigel |
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magnitude |
CANIS MAJOR, the Big Dog |
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relative magnitide |
Sirius, the Dog Star |
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absolute magnitude |
Adhara |
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|
light-year |
CANIS MINOR, the Little Dog |
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|
astronomical unit (AU) |
Procyon |
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| 6 - The Moon's Motion |
3021 |
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satellite |
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gravity |
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barycenter |
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orbit |
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orbital velocity |
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tangential velocity |
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free fall |
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land tides |
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tides |
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synchronous rotation |
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near side (Earth side) |
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far side (star side) |
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high tide |
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low tide |
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| 7 - The Phases of the Moon |
2597 |
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phases of moon |
New Moon |
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Earthshine |
Crescent Moon |
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synodic period |
First Quarter Moon |
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sidereal period |
Gibbous Moon (Waxing Moon) |
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spring tides |
Full Moon |
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neap tides |
Waning Moon |
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Last Quarter Moon |
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Old Moon |
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| 8 - The Lunar Landscape |
3785 |
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Moon |
Mare Serenitatis |
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terminator |
Sea of Serenity |
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|
maria |
Mare Crisium |
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mara |
Sea of Crises |
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basalt |
Mare Tranquillitatis |
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lava flows |
Sea of Tranquillity |
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pyroxene |
Mare Fecunditatis |
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|
ilmenite |
Sea of Fertility |
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highlands |
Mare Vaporum |
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breccia |
Sea of Vapors |
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|
rock dating |
Mare Frigoris |
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| |
|
plagioclase feldspar |
Sea of Cold |
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olivine |
Haemus Mountains |
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|
KREEPs |
the Alps |
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regolith |
Alpine Valley |
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crater |
Mount Blanc |
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craters |
Julius Caesar |
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rays |
Arago |
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terraced |
Manilius |
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walled plains |
Plinius |
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rills |
Proclus |
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rilles |
Aristoteles |
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clefts |
Eudoxus |
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fault |
Endymion |
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|
Lunar Transient Phenomena, LTP |
Atlas |
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Bond |
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Mare Imbrium |
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Sea of Showers |
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Oceanus Procellarum |
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Ocean of Storms |
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Sinus Aestuum |
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Bay of Heats |
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Sinus Roris |
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Bay of Dews |
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Apennines Mountains |
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Carpathians Mountains |
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Copernicus |
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Eratosthenes |
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Kepler |
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Plato |
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Archimedes |
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Aristillus |
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Autolycus |
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Pythagoras |
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Aristarchus |
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Mare Nubium |
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Sea of Clouds |
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Mare Humorum |
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Sea of Humors |
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Tycho |
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Clavius |
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Walter |
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Ptolemaeus |
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Grimaldi |
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Mare Foecunditatis |
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Sea of Fertility |
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Pyrenees Mountains |
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Mare Nectaris |
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Sea of Nectar |
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Mare Australe |
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Sea of the South |
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Theophilus |
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Cyrillus |
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Catharina |
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Piccolomi |
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| |
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Altai Scarp |
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| |
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|
Langrenus |
|
| 9 - Star Colors and Temperatures |
2132 |
|
|
|
| |
|
surface temperatures |
TAURUS, the Bull, |
|
| |
|
reflected light |
Aldebaran |
|
| |
|
emitted light |
Alnath |
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| |
|
heat energy |
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|
Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution |
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|
peak energy |
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|
radiation |
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|
(Wien's displacement law) |
|
|
| 10 - Color Designation and the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram |
2707 |
|
|
|
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|
star color, star types, classes and subclasses |
Capella |
|
| |
|
luminosity |
Menkarlina |
|
| |
|
Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram, H-R Diagram |
Hassaleh |
|
| |
|
Main Sequence |
Almaaz |
|
| |
|
giants |
Alnath |
|
| |
|
supergiants |
AURIGA, the Charioteer |
|
| |
|
white dwarfs |
GEMINI, the Twins |
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Castor |
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Pollux |
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Tejat |
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Alhena |
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|
(Wolf 339) |
|
| 11 - The Positions of the Planets |
2749 |
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|
| |
|
conjunction |
(Mercury) |
|
| |
|
solar conjunction |
Venus |
|
| |
|
elongation |
Earth (?) |
|
| |
|
solar elongation |
Mars |
|
| |
|
inferior planets |
Jupiter |
|
| |
|
superior planets |
Saturn |
|
| |
|
superior conjunction |
(Uranus) |
|
| |
|
inferior conjunction |
(Neptune) |
|
| |
|
opposition |
(Pluto) |
|
| |
|
quadrature |
|
|
| 12 - The Motion of the Planets |
3562 |
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|
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|
direct motion |
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|
retrograde motion |
|
|
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|
synodic period |
|
|
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|
sidereal period |
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|
| 13 - The Birth of Stars |
2518 |
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|
stellar evolution |
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|
nebula |
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|
averted vision |
|
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|
fovea |
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|
cones |
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|
rods |
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|
nebulas |
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|
emitting nebula |
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|
reflecting nebula |
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|
dark nebula |
|
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|
protostars |
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|
T Tauri stars |
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|
nuclear fusion |
|
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|
Main Sequence |
|
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|
star nursery |
|
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|
protostar |
|
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|
T Tauri |
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|
blue giant |
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|
red dwarf |
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| 14 - Star Clusters |
2605 |
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| |
|
star clusters |
(M3) |
Hipparchus |
| |
|
open star clusters |
Pleiades, the Seven Sisters |
Homer |
| |
|
globular star clusters |
Hyades |
|
| |
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|
LEO, the Lion |
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Regulus |
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CANCER, the Crab |
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Praesepe |
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HYDRA, the Water Snake |
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Alphard |
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SEXTANS, the Sexant |
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CRATER, the Cup |
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CORVUS, the Crow |
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| 15 - Star Physics |
3540 |
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|
deuteron |
|
Einstein |
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|
positron |
|
Arthur Eddington |
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|
neutrino |
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|
proton |
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|
hydrogen |
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|
helium |
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|
cation |
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fusion |
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transmutation |
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|
MeVs |
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|
E = mc2 |
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|
Eddington limit |
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|
luminosity |
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|
mass |
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photon |
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gamma ray |
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|
solar mass |
|
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| 16 - Star Structure and Spectroscopy |
3009 |
|
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| |
|
kinetic energy |
|
Lockyer |
| |
|
radiative zone |
|
Sir Isaac Newton |
| |
|
random walk |
|
Wollaston |
| |
|
convection zone |
|
Josef Fraunhofer |
| |
|
photosphere |
|
Gustav Kirchoff |
| |
|
refracted |
|
Robert Bunsen |
| |
|
prism |
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|
spectrum |
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|
angstrom |
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|
wavelength |
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|
Fraunhofer lines |
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|
emission spectrum |
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absorption spectrum |
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chromosphere |
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spectroscopy |
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| 17 - Aging Stars and Red Giants |
3534 |
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|
stellar evolution |
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red giant |
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aging star |
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red dwarf |
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blue giant |
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Zero Age Main Sequence, ZAMS stars |
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envelope |
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supergiants |
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electron degenerate |
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triple alpha process |
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helium flash |
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helium shell flashes |
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| 18 - Planetary Nebula and White Dwarfs |
2838 |
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planetary nebula |
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dark nebula |
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emission planetary nebula |
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protoplanetary nebula |
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white dwarf |
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degenerate matter |
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black dwarf |
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| 19 - Spring Stars and Constellations |
2686 |
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Sirius A |
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Sirius B |
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Ring Nebula |
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Vega |
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LYRA, the Harp |
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Sulaphat |
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Sheliak |
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Arcturus |
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BÖÖTES, the Herdsman |
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QUADRANS |
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Spica |
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VIRGO, the Virgin |
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CORONA BOREALIS, the Northern Crown |
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Alphekka, Gemma |
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M Coronae |
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R Coronae |
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|
HERCULES |
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| |
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Rasalgethi, alpha-HERCULES |
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M13 |
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Rasalhague, alpha-OPHIUCUS |
|
| 20 - The Earth's Aurora |
3287 |
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| |
|
auroral ovals |
aurora |
E. W. Maunder |
| |
|
plasma |
northern lights, aurora borealis |
James Van Allen |
| |
|
solar wind |
southern lights, aurora australis |
|
| |
|
magnetic field |
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|
ionized |
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heliopause |
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sunspots |
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solar flares |
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coronal mass ejections |
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|
solar storm |
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solar cycle |
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|
Maunder Minimum |
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magnetosphere |
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magnetopause |
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magnetotail |
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bow shock |
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magnetosheath |
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cusp |
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|
Van Allen zones, Van Allen belts |
|
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| 21 - Supernovas and Neutron Stars |
2748 |
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| |
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supergiant |
|
Chandrasekar |
| |
|
iron fusion |
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|
supernova Type II |
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|
nova |
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supernova |
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neutron star |
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degenerate iron |
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degenerate electron pressure |
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degenerate neutron pressure |
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neutrinos |
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|
Chandrasekar's limit |
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| 22 - Pulsars |
2555 |
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| |
|
X-rays |
supernova 1987A, Sanduleak |
|
| |
|
radio waves |
Crab Nebula |
|
| |
|
magnetic axis |
|
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| |
|
angular momentum |
|
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| |
|
pulsar, "Little Green Men" |
|
|
| 23 - Black Holes |
3785 |
|
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|
| |
|
black hole |
LYRA, the Harp |
|
| |
|
Schwartzchild radius |
CYGNUS, the swan |
|
| |
|
event horizon |
Deneb |
|
| |
|
singularity |
Sadar |
|
| |
|
mini black holes |
Chi Cygni |
|
| |
|
Kerr black hole |
Eta Cygni, |
|
| |
|
|
Cygnus X-1 |
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| |
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AQUILA, the Eagle, |
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| |
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Great Summer Triangle |
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| 24 - Orbits |
4225 |
|
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| |
|
epicycles |
|
Mikolaj Kopernik, Copernicus |
| |
|
planetary orbits |
|
Tycho Brahe |
| |
|
Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion |
|
Johannes Kepler |
| |
|
ellipse |
|
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| |
|
major axis |
|
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| |
|
minor axis |
|
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| |
|
focus, foci |
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|
eccentricity |
|
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|
Kepler's first law |
|
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| |
|
aphelion |
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|
perihelion |
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|
Kepler's second law |
|
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| |
|
Kepler's third law |
|
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| |
|
orbital inclination |
|
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| |
|
ecliptic, ecliptic plane |
|
|
| 25 - Eclipses (Part 1) |
2390 |
|
|
|
| |
|
occultation |
|
|
| |
|
eclipse |
|
|
| |
|
RA & declination |
|
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| |
|
solar eclipse |
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| |
|
lunar eclipse |
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| |
|
ecliptic & inclination |
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| |
|
minute of arc, arc minute |
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| |
|
second of arc, arc second |
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| |
|
partial eclipse |
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| |
|
nodes |
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| |
|
umbra |
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| |
|
penumbra |
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| |
|
apogee |
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| |
|
perigee |
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| |
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total eclipse |
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| |
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totality |
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| |
|
annular eclipse |
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|
| 26 - Eclipses (Part 2) |
5044 |
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| |
|
microflares |
|
Thales |
| |
|
corona |
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| |
|
prominences |
|
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| |
|
quiescent prominence |
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| |
|
explosive prominence |
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| |
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Baily's Beads |
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| |
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Saros series |
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| |
|
Saros cycle |
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| |
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lunation |
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| |
|
Draconic month |
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| |
|
shadow bands |
|
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| |
|
The Sun's photosphere will … |
|
|
| 27 - Multiple Star Systems |
3078 |
|
|
|
| |
|
binary stars, binary star systems |
Mizar & Alcor, Mizar/Alcor pair |
|
| |
|
multiple stars, multiple star systems |
PERSEUS |
|
| |
|
primary star |
Mirphak |
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| |
|
secondary star |
Algol, Beta Persei |
|
| |
|
optical double |
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| |
|
separation |
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| |
|
position angle, PA |
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| |
|
eclipsing binary |
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| |
|
mass transfer |
|
|
| 28 - Multiple Star Systems, Novas and Supernova Type I |
5220 |
|
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| |
|
accretion disk |
Algol |
Alfredo Pereira |
| |
|
nova |
PERSEUS |
|
| |
|
supernova Type I |
ANDROMEDA |
|
| |
|
supernova Type II |
Almaak |
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| |
|
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Mirach |
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| |
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Alpheratz |
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| |
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Mirphak |
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| |
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|
CORONA BOREALIS, The Northern Crown |
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| |
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Blaze Star, T Corona |
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| |
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Nova Aquilae 1999#2 |
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| |
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Alberio |
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| |
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Castor A & Castor B |
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| |
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Sirius A & Sirius B |
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| |
|
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Lambda Tauri |
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| |
|
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Gamma Tauri |
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| |
|
|
Sheliak |
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| |
|
|
TRIANGULUM |
|
| 29 - The Formation of our Solar System and Long Period Comets |
2226 |
|
|
|
| |
|
accretion disk |
Oort Cloud |
Jan Oort |
| |
|
accretion process |
Comet Hyakutake |
Yuji Hyakutake |
| |
|
protoplanets, ProtoEarth, ProtoSun |
|
|
| |
|
Age of Great Bombardment |
|
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| |
|
Earth's mantle, Earth's core |
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| |
|
collision hypothesis |
|
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| |
|
long period comets |
|
|
| 30 - Short Period Comets and Comets in General |
3584 |
|
|
|
| |
|
short period comets |
Kuiper Belt |
Gerard Kuiper |
| |
|
dirty snowball |
Encke's Comet |
David Jewitt, Jane Luu |
| |
|
nucleus |
Halley's Comet |
Edmund Halley |
| |
|
jets |
Comet Brooks 2 |
J F Encke |
| |
|
gas-ion tail |
Lexell's Comet |
Eugene Shoemaker, Carolyn Shoemaker, David Levy |
| |
|
dust tail |
Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 |
|
| 31 - Meteors and Asteriods |
3383 |
|
|
|
| |
|
meteor shower |
Tunguska event |
Daniel Kirkwood |
| |
|
meteoroid |
Cerus |
William Kelvin |
| |
|
meteor |
Vesta |
|
| |
|
micrometeorite |
Pallas |
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| |
|
meteorite |
|
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| |
|
radiant |
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| |
|
Zenith Hourly Rate, ZHR |
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|
| |
|
asteriod, minor planet |
|
|
| |
|
Asteroid Belt |
|
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| |
|
Kirkwood gaps |
|
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| |
|
S-type asteroid |
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| |
|
C-type asteroid |
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| |
|
M-type asteroid |
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| |
|
Trojan asteroid |
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| |
|
Amor asteroid |
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| |
|
Aten asteroid |
|
|
| |
|
Apollo asteroid |
|
|
| |
|
isotopic signature |
|
|
| |
|
SNC meteorites, Sherrgotty India, Nakhla Egypt, Chassigny France |
|
|
| |
|
tektite |
|
|
| |
|
panspermia |
|
|
| 32 - The Late Summer Night Sky |
1751 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
Perseids meteor showers |
|
| |
|
|
Comet Swift-Tuttle |
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| |
|
|
Square of Pegasus |
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| |
|
|
Algenib |
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| |
|
|
Markab |
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| |
|
|
Scheat |
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| |
|
|
Alpheratz |
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| |
|
|
PEGASUS, the Winged Horse |
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| |
|
|
LIBRA, the Scales, the Balance |
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| |
|
|
Zubenelchemale |
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| |
|
|
Zubenelgenubi |
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| |
|
|
SCORPIUS, the Scorpion |
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| |
|
|
Antares |
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| |
|
|
SAGITTARIUS, the Archer (Teapot) |
|
| |
|
|
OPHIUCHUS, Aesculapius |
|
| |
|
|
SERPENS CAPUT, the Serpent's Head |
|
| |
|
|
SERPENS CAUDA, the Serpent's Body |
|
| 33 - The Tilt of a Planet's Rotation |
2946 |
|
|
|
| |
|
Celestial Equator and Celestial Hemispheres |
Saturn's rings |
|
| |
|
rotational axis |
|
|
| |
|
seasons |
|
|
| |
|
Solstice |
|
|
| |
|
Equinox |
|
|
| |
|
Summer Solstice |
|
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| |
|
Winter Solstice |
|
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| |
|
Autum(nal) Equinox, Fall Equinox |
|
|
| |
|
Vernal Equinox, Spring Equinox |
|
|
| |
|
axial inclination |
|
|
| 34 - The Path of the Sun in our Sky |
3549 |
|
|
|
| |
|
Sun's apparent path |
|
|
| |
|
longest day |
|
|
| |
|
shortest day |
|
|
| |
|
Arctic Circle |
|
|
| |
|
Antarctic Circle |
|
|
| 35 - The Milky Way Galaxy |
3157 |
|
|
|
| |
|
galaxy |
Milky Way Galaxy, the Galaxy |
Herschel |
| |
|
milky circle, galaxias kuklo |
Sagittarius A * |
Harlow Shapley |
| |
|
interstellar dust |
|
van de Hulst |
| |
|
interstellar hydrogen, 21.1 centimeters in wavelength |
|
|
| |
|
galactic plane |
|
|
| |
|
COsmic Background Explorer (COBE) Project, satellite |
|
|
| |
|
Population I stars |
|
|
| |
|
Population II stars |
|
|
| 36 - The Local Group (of Galaxies) |
2442 |
|
|
|
| |
|
the Local Group |
Andromeda Galaxy, M31 |
Ferdinand Magellan |
| |
|
|
M110 (NGC203) |
|
| |
|
|
M32 |
|
| |
|
|
Clouds of Magellan, Magellanic Clouds |
|
| |
|
|
Large Cloud |
|
| |
|
|
Small Cloud |
|
| |
|
|
Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy |
|
| |
|
|
Maffei 1 |
|
| |
|
|
Triangulum Spiral (pinwheel) |
|
| |
|
|
alpha-TRIANGULUM |
|
| 37 - Classification of Galaxies |
2878 |
|
|
|
| |
|
Messier object |
Praesepe, in CANCER, M44 |
Charles Messier |
| |
|
M number |
Pleiades, in TAURUS, M45 |
Edwin Hubble |
| |
|
spiral galaxies (S) |
Orion Nebula, in ORION, M42 |
|
| |
|
Sa, Sb, Sc |
Ring Nebula, in LYRA, M57 |
|
| |
|
barred spiral galaxies (SB) |
M31 Andromeda Galaxy |
|
| |
|
elliptical galaxies (E) |
|
|
| |
|
irregular galaxies (Irr I and Irr II) |
|
|
| |
|
disk galaxies |
|
|
| 38 - Galaxies Structure, Evolution and Dynamics |
3942 |
|
|
|
| |
|
Population I stars |
globular clusters, M3, M13 |
|
| |
|
Population II stars |
|
|
| |
|
protogalaxy cloud |
|
|
| |
|
density waves |
|
|
| |
|
galaxy clusters |
|
|
| |
|
tidal bridge |
|
|
| |
|
galactic cannibalism |
|
|
| 39 - The Zodiac |
2774 |
|
|
|
| |
|
Zodiac |
CAPRICORNUS, the Seagoat |
|
| |
|
ecliptic |
AQUARIUS |
|
| |
|
|
M2, globular cluster |
|
| |
|
|
PISCES, the Fishes |
|
| |
|
|
Circlet of PISCES |
|
| |
|
|
alpha-PISCES |
|
| |
|
|
ARIES, the Ram |
|
| 40 - Celestial Coordinates |
2493 |
|
|
|
| |
|
celestial coordinates |
DELPHINUS, the Dolphin |
|
| |
|
right ascension, RA |
SAGITTA, the Arrow |
|
| |
|
Spring Equinox, Vernal Equinox |
|
|
| |
|
First Point, RA 0h |
|
|
| |
|
zenith |
|
|
| |
|
meridian |
|
|
| |
|
altitude |
|
|
| |
|
azimuth |
|
|
| |
|
Celestial Equator |
|
|
| |
|
ecliptic |
|
|
| 41 - Strange Galaxies |
3928 |
|
|
|
| |
|
starburst galaxy |
M87 |
|
| |
|
infrared waves, infrared |
M82 |
|
| |
|
Boltzmann-Maxwell distribution |
|
|
| |
|
total luminosity |
|
|
| |
|
Lsun |
|
|
| |
|
scientific notation |
|
|
| |
|
active galaxy, active galactic nucleus, AGN |
|
|
| |
|
radio wavelengths, radiowaves |
|
|
| |
|
bremsstrahlung radiation |
|
|
| |
|
X-rays |
|
|
| |
|
ultraviolet, UV |
|
|
| |
|
gamma rays |
|
|
| |
|
synchrotron radiation |
|
|
| |
|
radio galaxies |
|
|
| |
|
Seyfert galaxies |
|
|
| |
|
BL Lacertae galaxies |
|
|
| |
|
quasars |
|
|
| |
|
superluminal |
|
|
| 42 - Precession of the Earth |
2856 |
|
|
|
| |
|
precession, precess |
CEPHEUS, the King |
|
| |
|
centripetal force |
Alderamin |
|
| |
|
|
DRACO, the Dragon |
|
| |
|
|
Eltamin |
|
| |
|
|
Alwaid |
|
| |
|
|
precession circle |
|
| |
|
|
First Point of Aries |
|
| |
|
|
First Point of Pisces |
|
| 43 - Distances in Space |
3529 |
|
|
|
| |
|
parallax |
61 Cygni |
Friedrich Bessel |
| |
|
binocular parallax |
delta-Cephei |
John Goodricke |
| |
|
annual parallax |
|
Walter Bade |
| |
|
parsec |
|
|
| |
|
standard candle |
|
|
| |
|
inverse square law |
|
|
| |
|
relative magnitude (brightness) |
|
|
| |
|
absolute magnitude (brightness) |
|
|
| |
|
Cepheid variables |
|
|
| |
|
W Virginis variables |
|
|
| |
|
Population I stars, Population II stars |
|
|
| 44 - Movement in Space |
4101 |
|
|
|
| |
|
motion, relative motion |
Barnard's Star |
Edward Emerson Barnard |
| |
|
transverse motion (proper motion) |
Pegasus 51, Peg 51 |
Peter van de Kamp |
| |
|
astrometry |
|
Gatewood and Eichhorn |
| |
|
barycenter |
|
John L Hershey |
| |
|
perturbation, wobble |
|
Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz |
| |
|
radial motion |
|
|
| |
|
Doppler effect |
|
|
| |
|
blue shifted |
|
|
| |
|
red shifted |
|
|
| |
|
extrasolar planets |
|
|
| 45 - The Winter Southern Sky |
3163 |
|
|
|
| |
|
long-term variable star |
Fomalhaut, |
Lacaille |
| |
|
pulsating M-type supergiant |
PISCIS AUSTRALIS, the Southern Fish |
|
| |
|
|
GRUS, the Crane |
|
| |
|
|
Alnair |
|
| |
|
|
Al Dhanab |
|
| |
|
|
Ankaa |
|
| |
|
|
PHOENIX, the mythical bird |
|
| |
|
|
SCULPTOR |
|
| |
|
|
CETUS |
|
| |
|
|
Diphda |
|
| |
|
|
Menkar |
|
| |
|
|
Mira |
|
| |
|
|
ERIDANUS, (wandering) River |
|
| |
|
|
Cursa (Kursa) |
|
| |
|
|
Zaurak |
|
| |
|
|
Rana |
|
| |
|
|
Delta-Eridani |
|
| |
|
|
Epsilon-Eridani |
|
| |
|
|
LEPUS,the Hare |
|
| |
|
|
Arneb |
|
| |
|
|
Nihal |
|
| |
|
|
COLUMBA, the Dove (COLUMBA NOAE, Noah's Dove) |
|
| |
|
|
Phaet |
|
| |
|
|
CAELUM |
|
| |
|
|
HOROGIUM |
|
| |
|
|
FORNAX |
|
| |
|
|
SCULPTOR |
|
| 46 - The Extreme Southern Celestial Hemisphere |
3122 |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
Archernar, |
Ferdinand Magellan |
| |
|
|
Canopus |
|
| |
|
|
ARGO NAVIS, the Argo Ship |
|
| |
|
|
CARINA, the Keel |
|
| |
|
|
VELA, the Sails |
|
| |
|
|
PUPPIS, the Deck |
|
| |
|
|
MALUS, the Mast |
|
| |
|
|
PYXIS, the Compass |
|
| |
|
|
ANTLIA, the Pump |
|
| |
|
|
PICTOR, the Painter |
|
| |
|
|
Alpha Pictoris |
|
| |
|
|
Beta Pictoris |
|
| |
|
|
Gamma Pictoris |
|
| |
|
|
Large Magellanic Cloud, LMC |
|
| |
|
|
Small Magellanic Cloud, SMC |
|
| |
|
|
CRUX AUSTRALIS, the Southern Cross |
|
| |
|
|
CENTAURUS, the Centaur |
|
| |
|
|
Alpha Centauri |
|
| |
|
|
Alpha Centauri A |
|
| |
|
|
Alpha Centauri B |
|
| |
|
|
Alpha Centauri C, Proxima Centauri |
|
| |
|
|
Beta Centauri |
|
| |
|
|
DORADO, the Swordfish |
|
| |
|
|
HYDRUS, the Little Snake |
|
| |
|
|
TUCANA, the Toucan |
|
| |
|
|
PAVO, the PEACOCK |
|
| |
|
|
TELESCOPIUM, the Telescope |
|
| |
|
|
TRIANGULUM AUSTRALE, the Southern Triangle |
|
| |
|
|
LUPUS, the Wolf |
|
| |
|
|
MUSCA, the Fly |
|
| 47 - The Expanding Universe |
2919 |
|
|
|
| |
|
red shift and the universe expanding |
|
Slipher |
| |
|
Hubble's constant |
|
|
| |
|
60 kilometers per second for each million parsecs |
|
|
| |
|
red shift |
|
|
| |
|
symbol "Z" |
|
|
| |
|
relativistic effects |
|
|
| |
|
12 billion light-years |
|
|
| 48 - Cosmology |
4314 |
|
|
|
| |
|
cosmology |
|
George Lemaitre |
| |
|
critical density, Omegam |
|
George Gamow |
| |
|
Big Crunch |
|
Robert Wilson and Arno Penzias |
| |
|
Big Bang Theory |
|
|
| |
|
standard cosmology |
|
|
| |
|
particle cosmology |
|
|
| |
|
quantum cosmology, Planck epoch |
|
|
| |
|
gravitational instability |
|
|
| |
|
plasma |
|
|
| |
|
background radiation |
|
|
| |
|
Ripples of the Big Bang |
|
|
| |
|
Standard Cosmology Model |
|
|
| |
|
Steady-State Theory |
|
|
| |
|
Oscillating Universe Theory |
|
|
© 1997 - 2011
